Specifically, the discussion on tourism villages began when the government issued the Minister of Culture and Tourism Regulation Number: PM.26 / UM.001 / MKP / 2010 concerning PNPM Independent Tourism Through Tourism Villages which was later amended through Minister of Culture and Tourism Regulation Number: KM.18 / HM.001 / MKP / 2011 concerning PNPM Independent Tourism. The amendment aimed to facilitate the implementation of this program technically by developing a broader scope of the program.
The development of tourism villages became clearer when the central government issued Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning villages. The impact is a significant increase in the number of tourist villages since 2014 nationally.
The growth in 2014 reached 26.03%, increasing rapidly compared to the previous year which actually showed a decrease by 1.5%. Management of tourism villages is also widely held by Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). BUMDes is a business entity whose entire or most of its capital is owned by the village government which was developed to manage assets, services, and other businesses in rural areas, especially in the tourism sector.
Tourism development, especially tourism villages, can be used as a means to create awareness of national identity and togetherness in diversity. The development of tourism villages is done with the approach of economic growth and equity for the welfare of the people and development that is oriented to regional development, relies on community welfare, and is empowering the community which includes various aspects, such as human resources, marketing, destinations, science and technology, interrelationships across sectors, cooperation between countries, empowerment of small businesses, as well as responsibilities in the utilization of natural and cultural resources.
To become a tourism village, a set of regulations or norms is needed as a legal and formal legal aspect. By having a clear and strong legal basis, the tourism village is expected to be able to move without interference, for example objections from other parties. Furthermore, regulations regarding tourism villages will also be able to improve the ability of tourism village management in a professional manner. Management of the Tourism Village in a professional manner, will be able to contribute to reduce poverty, preserve resources and local wisdom and be able to increase Original Regional Revenue.
Regional Government tourism planning as stated in the East Java Province Tourism Development Master Plan 2017-2032 (Ripparprov) considers that the development of tourism villages can increase the potential and capacity of local resources. Until 2017, the number of tourism villages in East Java recorded in the Tourism Village Association (Asidewi) is 108 tourist villages. The majority of these tourism villages are still categorized as potential and developing tourism villages.
Furthermore, from some areas that have claimed to be tourism villages, their area is still related to other parties such as Perhutani and BPSABS (Clean Water and Sanitation Resource Management Agency) when the region has considerable tourism potential. Some examples are in the Village of Tenggarrejo and the Village of Pakisrejo (Tulungagung Regency), Bukit Gogoniti (Blitar Regency), and many others.
This colliding area also generates a lot of horizontal conflict. The potential for local conflict in the management of tourism villages can be seen in several regions in East Java, such as in the village of Janggan District. Magetan (Village Government with some residents), Sitiarjo Village Malang Regency (Perhutani with residents), Karangsuko Village, Malang Regency(Village Government with BPSABS), and Pakisrejo Village, Tulungagung Regency (residents with Perhutani).
Explanation from the Legal Bureau of East Java DPRD Commission B in Tourism Affairs stated that the draft of regional regulation on tourism villages had been included as part of the 2019 Regional Legislation Program (Prolegda) to be discussed in depth by legislators. Various discussions still contain a lot about public budget subsidies for promotion and incentives for rural tourism, special public policy issues around the availability of labor, protection of cultural heritage areas, indicators for establishing tourism villages, worker availability and certification, and skills training in the tourism sector. There have been long debate at the legislative level. Academic texts and draft regulations have been made but have not yet been ratified. Until the inauguration of a new period (2019-2024) of leadership in East Java,
The existence of local tourism village regulations need to be made and ratified considering that up to now there is no legal-formal regulation regarding tourism villages in East Java Province. Regional regulations on tourism villages become strategic contents complemented by material coverage, urgency, conception, legal basis, principles used and thoughts on norms presented in the form of systematic descriptions. So it can be accounted for by law and tourism in accordance with the principles used by local governments. This regulation is expected to provide very clear guidance on the formation and development of tourism villages to be implemented in the future. (*)
Author: M. Nilzam Aly
Details of the research available at
https://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_8_se_gbcss_2019.pdf
