Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a disease caused by the inability of the kidneys to maintain body homeostasis. CKD is still a health problem in several countries, including Indonesia. This can be seen from the increasing number of new cases of hemodialysis (HD) patients in Indonesia which continues to increase from year to year. In fact, in 2018 the increase in new cases increased by 100 percent from the previous year, from 30831 in 2017 to 66433 cases.
CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis are at risk of experiencing a decrease in Quality of Life because there is an increased risk of physical and psychological morbidity. Indeed, the initial diagnosis may be related to emotional and physical disturbances that can be just as problematic as hemodialysis. However, many patients rely on their coping mechanisms to deal with physical and psychological challenges, resulting in improved quality of life. The purpose of this paper is to examine the literature on coping strategies that have an impact on improving the quality of life of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis.
This is a systematic literature review study used the PRISMA statement. PRISMA statement helps to ensure the clarity and transparency of reporting systematic review and recent data indicate that this reporting is much needed. 18 articles were included in this study. The finding was organized with a cumulative frequency of paper that analysis some variables related to quality of life of patient living with CKD.
A total of 18 papers were categorized based on variables that influence the quality of life of patient with CKD. The variables that have been researched and proven to be able to improve the quality of life and satisfaction in life are spiritual coping and religious coping. However, other coping methods (emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies) can also increase the quality of life. Several other variables studied were also related to the patient’s self-management, personality and lifestyle as well as clinical and somatic symptoms which inevitably affect the quality of life and happiness of patients living with CKD.
Almost all articles stated that patients with CKD have a tendency to decline in mental health, such as discomfort, depression and anxiety that led to risk of suicide.
Variables that related to quality of life of patients with CKD are coping strategies, self management, clinical and somatic symptoms. The coping strategies included problem-focused coping strategies, emotion-focused coping strategies, and spiritual /religious coping strategies. Spiritual/religious coping strategies is the factor that most discussed in this disease and should be considered by provider in Indonesian as one of therapeutic care for patient with chronic kidney disease.
Author: Prof. Dr. Nursalam, M.Nurs (Hons)
